BRAT Diet for Gastroenteritis : What You Need to Know

Nutrition Corner with Dr D 

BRAT Diet for Gastroenteritis : What You Need to Know

Did you know that one of the most effective ways to combat gastroenteritis is by following a specific diet called the BRAT diet?  BRAT diet for gastroenteritis is an acronym which stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, and it has been recommended by healthcare providers for decades as a go-to treatment for gastrointestinal distress. However, there are many misconceptions about the BRAT diet and how it works. In this article, we will discuss all the major topics related to the BRAT diet for gastroenteritis, including who it is for, how it works, what conditions it works for, how long to follow it, and what foods to avoid. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of this diet and how it can help you or someone you know recover from gastroenteritis faster.

What is the BRAT diet?

The BRAT diet stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. It is a bland diet that is low in fiber and fat, making it easy to digest. The foods included in the diet are chosen for their ability to help ease symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea and nausea.

 

Let's take a closer look at the individual foods in the BRAT diet and why they are included:

 

Bananas: Bananas are a great source of potassium, which is an important electrolyte that can be lost during bouts of diarrhea and vomiting. They also contain pectin, a soluble fiber that can help bulk up the stool and reduce diarrhea. Bananas are also easy to digest and gentle on the stomach.

 

Rice: Rice is a bland, easily digestible source of carbohydrates that can help provide energy when the body is feeling weak or depleted from illness. White rice is preferred over brown rice in the BRAT diet because it is lower in fiber, which can help reduce diarrhea.

Applesauce: Applesauce is a good source of pectin, like bananas, and is also high in carbohydrates. It can help reduce diarrhea and provide energy without putting a strain on the digestive system. However, it is important to choose unsweetened applesauce to avoid added sugars, which can worsen diarrhea.

 

Toast: Toasted white bread is another easy-to-digest source of carbohydrates that can help provide energy. It is low in fiber and fat, making it gentle on the stomach. Toast can also help absorb excess stomach acid and reduce nausea.

 

Who is it for?

The BRAT diet is a well-known and often recommended treatment for those experiencing symptoms of gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as the stomach flu. This condition can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. The diet is generally recommended for those who are experiencing these symptoms because the foods included in the diet are low in fiber and fat, making them easy to digest and less likely to aggravate the digestive system.

 

The diet is also commonly recommended for children who are experiencing similar symptoms. Children are more susceptible to gastroenteritis due to their weaker immune systems and tendency to put objects in their mouths. Additionally, children may not be able to tolerate more complex foods while they are recovering from the illness. The simplicity of the BRAT diet can make it easier for parents to ensure their child is getting the proper nutrition while recovering from the illness.

 

It is important to note that the BRAT diet is not recommended for long-term use, as it does not provide all of the necessary nutrients for a healthy diet. It is intended to be a short-term treatment to help ease symptoms and aid in recovery. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional.

How does it work?

The BRAT diet works by providing the body with simple, easily digestible foods that give the digestive system a break from harder-to-digest foods. Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast are all gentle on the digestive system and do not contain irritants that could cause further discomfort. Bananas contain high amounts of potassium which can help to replace electrolytes that are lost due to diarrhea and vomiting. Rice provides a bland source of carbohydrates that can help to bind stools and ease diarrhea. Applesauce is easy to digest and can provide a source of pectin, which can help to firm up stools. Toast is a good source of carbohydrates that can help to settle the stomach and provide energy.

 

When the digestive system is under stress, it can have difficulty processing complex foods, such as those that are high in fiber or fat. These foods can cause more irritation to the digestive tract and prolong symptoms such as diarrhea, cramping, and nausea. By consuming a diet that is low in fiber and fat, the BRAT diet allows the digestive system to recover and heal. As the symptoms of gastroenteritis improve, individuals can slowly reintroduce other foods back into their diet.

How long should one follow it?

Following the BRAT diet for more than 48 hours is generally not recommended as it may lead to nutrient deficiencies and potential health complications. However, it is important to note that every individual is different and may require different amounts of time to recover from gastroenteritis. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting or discontinuing any diet, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are taking medication. After following the BRAT diet for the recommended time period, it is recommended to start introducing other bland, easy-to-digest foods gradually. Some examples of these foods include boiled potatoes, boiled chicken or fish, low-fat yogurt, and cooked vegetables such as carrots or zucchini. It is important to continue avoiding foods that may irritate the digestive system such as high-fat, spicy, or acidic foods.

 

What is the progression from BRAT diet to normal foods?

As you start to feel better, you can gradually introduce more normal foods into your diet. It's important to continue avoiding foods that can irritate your stomach, such as spicy or fried foods, high-fiber foods, dairy products, and caffeine. It is also important to stay hydrated by drinking clear fluids, such as water or electrolyte solutions.

 

It's important to note that if your symptoms return or worsen after reintroducing normal foods, you may need to go back to the BRAT diet for a bit longer before trying again. Slowly reintroducing normal foods will help your digestive system adjust and prevent any further discomfort or irritation.

 

It's also important to listen to your body and not rush the process of returning to your regular diet. Depending on the severity of your gastroenteritis, it may take several days or even a week to fully return to your normal diet without experiencing any symptoms.

Which foods should be avoided when having gastroenteritis?

Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt contain lactose, a type of sugar that is difficult to digest for some people, especially when the digestive system is already compromised. This can cause further irritation to the digestive tract and worsen symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bloating. It is best to avoid dairy products until the symptoms subside.

 

Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally high in fiber, which can be difficult to digest when the digestive system is inflamed. They can also be a source of bacteria and viruses that can further irritate the digestive tract. However, bananas are an exception as they are low in fiber and high in potassium, which can help replenish electrolytes lost through diarrhea and vomiting.

 

Fruit juices and carbonated beverages should also be avoided as they are often high in sugar, which can worsen diarrhea, and can cause further irritation to the digestive tract.

 

Fried and greasy foods are high in fat, which can be difficult to digest and can exacerbate symptoms of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Similarly, spicy foods can irritate the digestive tract and cause discomfort.

It is also important to avoid excessive hydration, as this can lead to more diarrhea. Instead, it is recommended to drink small amounts of clear fluids such as water, and broth to help prevent dehydration.

 

What is the modified BRAT diet and what does it consist of?

The modified BRAT diet is often recommended for individuals who are recovering from gastroenteritis but still need to be cautious about the types of food they consume. Boiled potatoes are a good source of carbohydrates and potassium, which can help replace lost nutrients during diarrhea. Plain pasta is also a good source of carbohydrates and is easy to digest, making it a good option for those experiencing symptoms of gastroenteritis. Steamed vegetables can provide important vitamins and minerals while being gentle on the digestive system.

 

Lean proteins such as chicken, turkey, and fish can also be added to the modified BRAT diet, as they are easy to digest and provide important nutrients such as protein and iron. Clear broths such as chicken or vegetable broth can help provide hydration and electrolytes that may have been lost during diarrhea.

 

It is important to note that the modified BRAT diet should still be followed for a short period of time, typically 24-48 hours, before gradually reintroducing other bland, easy-to-digest foods back into the diet. It is also important to continue to avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods until symptoms have completely resolved..

 

Other important information to consider:

 

In addition to the above information, it is also important to note that the BRAT diet should not be used as a sole treatment for gastroenteritis or other digestive issues. While it can help ease symptoms in the short-term, it is not a cure for underlying conditions and may not address the root cause of the problem.

 

Furthermore, if you are experiencing severe symptoms such as dehydration, fever, or bloody stools, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms may indicate a more serious condition that requires prompt medical care.

 

It is also worth noting that the BRAT diet may not be appropriate for everyone, particularly those with certain dietary restrictions or medical conditions. If you have any concerns or questions about whether the BRAT diet is right for you, it is recommended to speak with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized advice.

 

Finally, once you have recovered from gastroenteritis and are ready to transition back to your regular diet, it is important to do so gradually and listen to your body. Avoid heavy, spicy, or fatty foods for a few days, and slowly reintroduce other foods back into your diet. If you experience any digestive discomfort or symptoms, it may be a sign that you are not quite ready to resume your normal diet and may need to continue with the BRAT diet or modified BRAT diet for a few more days.

 

Conclusion

The BRAT diet is a popular and effective temporary measure for managing the symptoms of gastroenteritis. It consists of easily digestible foods such as bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. While it is important to follow the BRAT diet for a short period of time, it is also crucial to gradually reintroduce normal foods back into the diet.

 

In addition to following the BRAT diet, it is important to maintain good hygiene practices, stay hydrated, and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen. By taking these steps, individuals can effectively manage and prevent gastroenteritis.

by Dr. Michal Domeny DNP, L.Ac, CD/N

Norovirus Horror: Shocking Truths About This Common Virus

Nutrition Corner with Dr D 

Norovirus Horror: Shocking Truths About This Common Virus

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that is responsible for causing an estimated 685 million cases of gastroenteritis every year. This equates to roughly 1 in 10 people around the world falling ill with Norovirus annually. Despite its prevalence, many people are not aware of the severity of this virus and its potential to cause severe symptoms. In fact, Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally and can lead to hospitalization or even death, particularly in vulnerable populations. It is important to understand the risks associated with Norovirus and take steps to prevent its spread. This article will explore the various aspects of Norovirus, from its symptoms and transmission to its long-term effects and current research.

I Outbreaks and Populations at Risk

Norovirus, also known as the "winter vomiting bug," is a highly contagious virus that causes gastrointestinal illness. It is a significant public health concern and can cause severe outbreaks, especially in settings such as schools, cruise ships, and nursing homes.

 

Notable Norovirus outbreaks

In recent years, Norovirus outbreaks have occurred in various locations and have affected numerous individuals. In 2019, an outbreak of Norovirus occurred on a Royal Caribbean cruise ship, resulting in over 500 passengers becoming ill. Similarly, in 2020, a Norovirus outbreak occurred on a Princess Cruises ship, with over 300 passengers reporting symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.

 

In addition to cruise ships, Norovirus outbreaks have occurred in other settings, such as nursing homes and schools. In 2021, a Norovirus outbreak occurred at a long-term care facility in Wisconsin, with over 100 residents and staff members becoming ill.

II Common Symptoms of Norovirus:

Norovirus causes gastroenteritis, which is inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The symptoms usually start within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus and can last for 1 to 3 days. The most common symptoms include:

 

Nausea

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

Headache

Low-grade fever

 

In severe cases, people may experience dehydration, which can be life-threatening, especially for the elderly, young children, and people with weakened immune systems.

 

III How Norovirus is Transmitted:

Norovirus spreads easily and quickly from person to person. It can be transmitted in various ways, including:

 

Consuming contaminated food or water

Touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching one's mouth or nose

Being in close contact with an infected person, such as caring for someone who is ill or sharing food or utensils with them.

 

Shocking Facts about Transmission:

Some shocking facts about the transmission of norovirus include:

 

A single infected person can shed billions of viral particles, making it highly contagious.

The virus can survive on surfaces for weeks and is resistant to many common disinfectants.

People can still spread the virus even after they have recovered from the illness, as the virus can be present in their stool for up to two weeks.

Norovirus can spread quickly in closed environments, such as cruise ships, schools, and nursing homes, where people are in close contact with one another.

Shocking Statistics on the Lasting Effects of Norovirus:

While norovirus is usually a self-limiting illness that resolves within a few days, it can have lasting effects on some people. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, up to 30% of people infected with norovirus can develop post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a chronic condition that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Another study found that people infected with norovirus were more likely to develop chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can cause long-term damage to the esophagus.

 

Populations at highest risk of infection

 

Certain populations are at a higher risk of Norovirus infection and can experience more severe symptoms. Infants, young children, and the elderly are among the most vulnerable populations. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), children under the age of five are the most likely to become infected with Norovirus and experience more severe symptoms, such as dehydration.

Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or living with HIV/AIDS, are also at a higher risk of Norovirus infection. People who have had an organ transplant or who are taking medications that suppress the immune system are also at higher risk.

 

Additionally, individuals who work in healthcare settings or who care for young children or the elderly may be at higher risk of Norovirus infection due to their close contact with individuals who may be infected.

 

IV Treatment and Prevention

In terms of treatment, there is no specific cure for norovirus. Instead, treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing dehydration. This may include rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve nausea and fever.

 

Overall, norovirus is a highly contagious virus with shocking transmission methods and severe symptoms. It is crucial to take preventative measures to avoid infection, especially for those who are at a higher risk of severe illness. While research is ongoing, there is still much to be learned about this dangerous virus.

 

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is often the first line of treatment for people with norovirus. This involves drinking fluids that contain a balanced mix of sugar, salt, and minerals to help replace the fluids and electrolytes lost through vomiting and diarrhea. Sports drinks or rehydration solutions like Pedialyte are good options for ORT.

 

For people who are unable to keep fluids down or are severely dehydrated, intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary to restore fluid and electrolyte balance. In rare cases, hospitalization may be required to manage complications like severe dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

 

Preventing Norovirus infection

 

Preventing Norovirus infection involves practicing good hygiene and taking precautions to avoid exposure to the virus. Some key prevention measures include:

 

Washing hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food.

Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that may be contaminated with Norovirus.

Avoiding close contact with individuals who may be infected with Norovirus.

Avoiding food and water that may be contaminated with Norovirus.

Staying home from work, school, or other activities if you are feeling ill, to avoid spreading Norovirus to others.

In settings such as healthcare facilities and schools, additional precautions may be necessary to prevent the spread of Norovirus. These may include: Isolating individuals who are infected with Norovirus to prevent further spread of the virus.

Restricting visitors to healthcare facilities and other settings where Norovirus outbreaks may occur.

Increasing cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment in these settings, particularly in areas where Norovirus may be more likely to spread, such as bathrooms and food preparation areas.

 

Overall, preventing Norovirus infection requires a combination of good hygiene practices, environmental control measures, and appropriate management of outbreaks when they occur. By taking these steps, individuals and communities can help reduce the risk of Norovirus infection and promote the health and well-being of everyone involved.

V Long-Term Effects

 

While norovirus is generally a short-lived illness, with symptoms lasting only a few days, there is increasing evidence that the virus can have long-term effects on some individuals. These effects can range from minor discomfort to more serious health complications.

 

Potential long-term effects of norovirus include digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can cause ongoing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Studies have found that people who experience severe norovirus infections are more likely to develop IBS than those who have milder infections or no infection at all. This is likely due to the damage that norovirus can cause to the lining of the intestine, which can result in ongoing inflammation and sensitivity.

 

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology found that Norovirus can have long-term effects on the immune system, even after the initial infection has cleared. The study found that individuals who had been infected with Norovirus had lower levels of certain antibodies that are important for fighting off future infections. This suggests that Norovirus infection may have a lasting impact on the immune system and could make individuals more susceptible to other illnesses in the future.

Beyond digestive issues, norovirus can also impact the body in other ways. Some individuals may experience ongoing fatigue, muscle weakness, and joint pain following a norovirus infection. This is thought to be due to the immune response to the virus, which can cause inflammation throughout the body.

 

There is also evidence that norovirus can have long-term effects on mental health. Studies have found that individuals who experience a severe norovirus infection may be at increased risk of developing anxiety and depression. This is likely due to the stress and trauma of the illness, as well as the disruption to daily life that can occur when someone is sick with norovirus.

 

Shocking statistics on the lasting effects of norovirus highlight the need for further research and improved prevention strategies. One study found that up to 20% of individuals who had a norovirus infection reported ongoing digestive issues six months after the initial infection. Another study found that nearly 40% of individuals who had a norovirus infection reported ongoing fatigue and weakness one year after the initial infection.

 

VI Current Research

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that affects millions of people worldwide every year. Despite its prevalence, there is currently no vaccine or specific treatment for the virus. However, there are ongoing efforts to better understand the virus and develop effective methods of prevention and treatment.

 

Ongoing research on Norovirus has focused on several key areas, including understanding how the virus spreads, developing effective disinfection methods, and improving diagnosis and treatment options. One area of focus has been on the development of vaccines for the virus. While there is currently no approved vaccine for Norovirus, researchers are working to develop new vaccines that could offer protection against the virus.

 

Advances in treatment and prevention have also been made through the development of new disinfection methods. Recent research has found that using hydrogen peroxide vapor can effectively kill Norovirus on surfaces, making it a promising disinfection method for preventing the spread of the virus in hospitals and other high-risk settings.

 

Promising new discoveries have also been made in the area of diagnosis and treatment for Norovirus. Researchers have identified several new diagnostic tools that can rapidly detect the virus, allowing for earlier treatment and isolation of infected individuals. Additionally, new treatments are being explored that could help alleviate symptoms and reduce the severity of the illness.

 

VII. Conclusion

 

Recap of important information:

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. It is spread through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, and can lead to outbreaks in a variety of settings, including schools, hospitals, and cruise ships. Certain populations, including young children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems, are at higher risk of infection. Treatment options are limited, and the best way to prevent infection is through proper hygiene and sanitation practices.

 

Final thoughts on Norovirus:

While Norovirus may seem like a minor inconvenience for some, it can have serious and long-lasting effects on others. The virus can cause severe dehydration, which can lead to hospitalization and even death in some cases. It can also have lasting effects on the body beyond the initial symptoms, including chronic fatigue and gastrointestinal issues. In addition, Norovirus can be especially devastating in certain populations, such as those living in nursing homes or other communal settings.

 

In conclusion, Norovirus is a serious virus that can have lasting effects on the body beyond the initial symptoms. Proper hygiene and sanitation practices are crucial in preventing the spread of the virus, particularly in communal settings such as nursing homes and schools. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term impact of Norovirus on the body, and to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. It is important that individuals take Norovirus seriously and do their part in preventing its spread.

 

For more information about food that may further promote inflammation in the intestines and throughout the body check our article on Trans Fatty Acids.

 

 

For more information and the latest updates on the Norovirus, please check the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website.

by Dr. Michal Domeny DNP, L.Ac, CD/N