Salt Intake Linked to Atherosclerosis Even With Normal BP

Medicine Corner with Dr D 

Salt Intake and atherosclerosis - High Salt Intake Linked to Atherosclerosis Even With Normal Blood Pressure

A recent study conducted in Sweden has found even closer relationship between salt intake and atherosclerosis than thought before. The researchers found that  Salt Intake can increase the risk of atherosclerosis, even in individuals with normal blood pressure. The study, published on March 30th in the European Heart Journal Open, analyzed data from the Swedish Cardiopulmonary bioImage Study, which included over 10,000 participants aged 50 to 64 years. The study found that high salt consumption was strongly linked with the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary and carotid arteries.

The lead researcher of the study, Dr. Jonas Wuopio from Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala University, stated that while the link between salt and hypertension is known, the role of salt in atherosclerosis has not been studied in detail. The researchers used advanced imaging technology to study calcification changes in the arteries and atherosclerotic plaques, and the association with salt intake.

 

The study used coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to obtain 3D images of the coronary arteries and measure the degree of coronary artery calcium, as well as detect stenosis in the coronary arteries. Participants also had an ultrasound of the carotid arteries. The estimated 24-hour sodium excretion was used to measure sodium intake.

The researchers found that increasing salt consumption was linked with an increase in atherosclerosis in both the coronary and carotid arteries. Each 1000 mg rise in sodium excretion was associated with a 9% increase in the occurrence of carotid plaque, a higher coronary artery calcium score, and a 17% increase in the occurrence of coronary artery stenosis.

 

The researchers noted that the association disappeared after adjusting for blood pressure. They suggest that the increase in blood pressure from sodium intake, even below the level that currently defines arterial hypertension, is an important factor that mediates the interplay between salt intake and the atherosclerotic process. However, they caution that no causal relationships can be drawn from this cross-sectional study.

 

The study also found no evidence of a J-curve phenomenon, which some studies suggest that very low sodium intake is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease-related events. Participants with the lowest levels of sodium excretion had the lowest occurrence of both coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. The researchers suggest that excess salt is not good and that salt intake might be a risk factor for atherosclerosis even before the development of hypertension.

According to Dr. Alon Gitig, a cardiologist at Mount Sinai Doctors-Westchester, Yonkers, New York, not all studies have suggested that high salt intake tracks with the risk for atherosclerotic disease. Most studies of salt intake in the diet are based on patient self-reports via food frequency questionnaires, which can give a general idea of salt intake but may not be accurate. The Swedish Cardiopulmonary bioImage Study used a more reliable method by measuring the participants' 24-hour sodium excretion.

 

In conclusion, the study suggests that high salt intake increases the risk of atherosclerosis, even in individuals with normal blood pressure. The study used advanced imaging technology to study calcification changes in the arteries and atherosclerotic plaques, and the association with salt intake.

While the association disappeared after adjusting for blood pressure, the researchers suggest that the increase in blood pressure from sodium intake, even below the level that currently defines arterial hypertension, is an important factor that mediates the interplay between salt intake and the atherosclerotic process. This study highlights the need for further research into the relationship between salt intake and atherosclerosis.

 

Atherosclerosis usually go hand in hand with diabetes. Making sure that you maintain healthy weight and stay in good physical shape will further help you prevent developing both diabetes and Atherosclerosis.

by Dr. Michal Domeny DNP, L.Ac, CD/N

Chronic Insomnia- The silent killer in your bedroom?

Medicine Corner with Dr D 

Insomnia: The Silent Killer in your Bedroom

Did you know that insomnia can have shocking effects on your health? Lack of sleep not only leaves you feeling tired and groggy but also weakens your immune system, makes it harder to control your blood pressure, and can even shorten your life span. In this article, we will delve deeper into the shocking truth of how insomnia affects your immune system and heart, and what you can do to combat it.

Insomnia and the Immune System

Insomnia has a profound impact on your immune system. When you don't get enough sleep, your body produces fewer cytokines, a type of protein that targets infection and inflammation, which makes it harder for your body to fight off diseases. This means that you are more susceptible to infections, including the common cold and flu, and even more severe illnesses such as cancer. Lack of sleep also affects the body's production of T-cells, which help fight off viruses and cancer cells, and can cause a decrease in the effectiveness of vaccines.

 

Insomnia and Heart

Insomnia can also have a devastating impact on your heart health. Poor sleep has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. When you sleep, your blood pressure naturally lowers, but when you have insomnia, your blood pressure stays elevated, which puts a strain on your heart. Poor sleep can also lead to an increase in heart rate, which makes it harder to control your blood pressure even with medication. Snoring at night, which can be a sign of obstructive sleep apnea, can also make controlling blood pressure almost impossible.

Insomnia and Systemic Inflammation

But that's not all, chronic insomnia has been linked to increased inflammation in the body, which can contribute to a range of health problems. People with chronic insomnia have higher levels of inflammatory markers in their blood, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), compared to people who get adequate sleep. Insomnia disrupts the body's normal regulation of the stress response, which can lead to increased inflammation. Lack of sleep can activate the sympathetic nervous system (the body's fight or flight response) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both of which are involved in the body's stress response. Chronic activation of these systems can lead to increased production of stress hormones, such as cortisol, and increased production of inflammatory markers.

 

Strategies to address insomnia

The effects of insomnia on your immune system and heart can be truly shocking, but there are things you can do to combat it. One of the most effective ways to improve your sleep is to establish a regular sleep routine. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Create a relaxing environment in your bedroom, free of distractions like TV and phones.

Avoid Blue Lights

Blue light is a type of light that is emitted by electronic devices such as televisions, computers, and smartphones. Exposure to blue light in the evening can interfere with the body's natural production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. When we are exposed to blue light, it can suppress the production of melatonin, which can make it harder for us to fall asleep and stay asleep.

 

For this reason, it is recommended to avoid using electronic devices at least an hour before going to bed to reduce exposure to blue light. This can help prepare the body for sleep by allowing melatonin levels to rise naturally, which can promote feelings of sleepiness and help you fall asleep faster. Additionally, it's a good idea to dim the lights in your home in the hours leading up to bedtime to help the body produce more melatonin, signaling to the body that it's time for sleep.

To further promote healthy sleep habits, it's also recommended to establish a relaxing bedtime routine that can help signal to your body that it's time to wind down and prepare for sleep. This might include activities such as taking a warm bath, practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation, or reading a book. By establishing a regular bedtime routine and avoiding exposure to blue light before bed, you can improve the quality of your sleep and promote better overall health and well-being. Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga to help calm your mind and body. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, especially in the evening, as they can interfere with your sleep.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, insomnia can have serious consequences for your health, particularly your immune system and heart. It can make it harder for your body to fight off infections and increase your risk of cardiovascular disease. It can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which is linked to a range of health problems. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to improve your sleep and protect your health. By establishing a regular sleep routine, creating a relaxing sleep environment, practicing relaxation techniques, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol, you can improve the quality of your sleep and reduce your risk of health problems associated with insomnia. If you continue to struggle with insomnia, it's important to talk to your healthcare provider, who can help you identify underlying causes and develop a treatment plan to improve your sleep and overall health.

by Dr. Michal Domeny DNP, L.Ac, CD/N