Leaky gut: What is it, and how does it affect you?

Medicine Corner with Dr D 

Leaky gut: What is it, and how does it affect you?

In the mysterious realm of our bodies, the gut takes on the role of an enigmatic maestro, conducting a complex symphony of microorganisms and physiological processes. Once brushed aside by modern medicine, the gut's potential influence on our overall health is now emerging as a fascinating and vital topic of investigation. The ancient belief that imbalances within the stomach could cause illness, once deemed obsolete, is now being revisited as new discoveries suggest a link between a dysfunctional gastrointestinal system and various chronic diseases prevalent in today's society.

Enter the intriguing world of "leaky gut," a term gaining momentum in medical discussions and online forums. This relatively new concept, which explores the impact of increased intestinal permeability, has piqued the interest of researchers and medical professionals alike. As we delve into the depths of the gut, we will uncover its fascinating secrets, its potential effects on our health, and the steps we can take to foster a healthier gastrointestinal system.

Prior to advancements in medical knowledge regarding disease-causing mechanisms, physicians believed that certain illnesses could arise from imbalances within the stomach, referring to this as hypochondriasis. Derived from Ancient Greek, "hypochondrium" refers to the upper abdomen, the area between the breastbone and navel. As science progressed, this concept was dismissed, and the term "hypochondriac" came to describe individuals with a constant, often baseless fear of serious medical conditions.

 

However, is it possible that the ancient notion of illnesses originating in the gut holds some merit? Could various chronic diseases prevalent in society today be connected to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal system?

What is “leaky gut”?

The term "leaky gut" has been gaining traction in medical blogs and social media, although it may not be familiar to many doctors. Also known as increased intestinal permeability, leaky gut is a relatively new concept primarily studied in basic sciences. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in developing medications to counteract the effects of this issue.

 

So, what is leaky gut? Our intestines are lined with a vast intestinal lining that covers over 4,000 square feet of surface area. When functioning optimally, this lining forms a secure barrier, regulating what is absorbed into the bloodstream. An unhealthy gut lining may have significant cracks or openings, enabling partially digested food, toxins, and microorganisms to infiltrate the underlying tissues. This infiltration may lead to inflammation, changes in gut flora (normal bacteria), and potential issues within the digestive tract and beyond. Current research is thriving, with studies suggesting that alterations in intestinal bacteria and inflammation might contribute to the development of numerous chronic diseases.

Modern lifestyles may be the primary contributor to gut inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that the typical American diet, low in fiber and high in sugar and saturated fats, may trigger this process. Excessive alcohol consumption and stress also appear to impact this balance.

 

Who is affected by leaky gut and why?

Everyone experiences some degree of leaky gut, as the intestinal barrier is not entirely impervious (nor should it be). Some individuals may possess a genetic predisposition, making them more susceptible to alterations in the digestive system, but genetics alone are not the sole factor.

It is well-established that increased intestinal permeability plays a role in gastrointestinal conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. The primary question is whether leaky gut can cause issues elsewhere in the body. Some research indicates associations between leaky gut and other autoimmune diseases (lupus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis), chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, arthritis, allergies, asthma, acne, obesity, and even mental illness. However, causal relationships have not yet been established through human clinical studies.

 

Towards a healthier gut:

Although "increased intestinal permeability" is not a common term in most doctor's offices, alternative and integrative medicine practitioners have focused on gut healing as an initial step in treating chronic diseases for years. Various cultures around the world often recommend specific diets for improved health. Even in the United States, dietary changes are common after illness. Many practitioners begin by eliminating inflammatory foods and those that may disrupt gut flora, such as alcohol, processed foods, certain medications, and any allergenic or sensitivity-causing foods.

 

There is still controversy over whether leaky gut contributes to the development of diseases outside the gastrointestinal tract in humans. However, consuming a nutritious, unprocessed diet that includes anti-inflammatory foods (and avoids inflammation-triggering foods) may, in theory, help repair the gut lining and restore balance to gut flora. This approach could lead to improved health without adverse side effects, making it worth considering.


Diabetes food list :Top 10 Foods to Eat if You Have Diabetes

Nutrition Corner with Dr D 

Diabetes Food List : Top 10 Foods to Eat if You Have Diabetes

Diabetes affects over 34 million Americans and requires careful management of blood sugar levels to prevent complications. One way to achieve this is through making smart food choices. In this article, we will go over Diabetes food list that will focus on the top 10 foods to eat if you have diabetes, highlighting their benefits and providing some recipe ideas.

Avocado: Healthy Fats for Better Blood Sugar Control

Avocado is a fruit that is high in healthy fats, fiber, and other nutrients, making it an excellent choice for those with diabetes. Recent studies have shown that consuming avocados can improve blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity. In fact, one study found that consuming half an avocado with lunch reduced the rise in blood sugar levels after the meal.

 

In that study avocado intake was also associated with healthier dietary patterns.  In addition to improved blood glucose control, trends favored reduced biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk when replacing avocado energy for carbohydrate energy in adults who are overweight or with obesity and have insulin resistance.

 

Avocado can be added to salads, sandwiches, or smoothies for a healthy and satisfying meal. Try making an avocado toast with whole-grain bread and toppings like tomato, cucumber, and a sprinkle of salt and pepper.

Cinnamon: A Spice with Powerful Blood Sugar-Lowering Properties

Cinnamon is a spice that has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties, including its ability to lower blood sugar levels. It contains compounds that can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance, making it an excellent addition to the diet of those with diabetes.

 

Recent studies have shown that consuming cinnamon can significantly reduce fasting blood sugar levels and improve cholesterol levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The study found that there was a significant difference in the average post prandial blood glucose measurements – blood glucose measured after meal- in the individuals consuming 6 g of cinnamon per day.

 

Adding cinnamon to your morning oatmeal or smoothie can be a tasty way to enjoy this spice.

 

Berries: Antioxidants to Help Prevent Complications

Berries, such as blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries, are rich in antioxidants, which can help prevent complications from diabetes. Antioxidants can protect the body from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

 

Studies have shown that consuming berries can improve blood sugar control and reduce inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes. Eating berries, like cranberries, blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries, can help people with conditions like insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome to manage their blood sugar levels and reduce the amount of insulin their body produces.

 

Long-term studies show that eating these berries, either alone or as part of a healthy diet, can also improve cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and markers of heart disease. Adding berries to your yogurt, oatmeal, or smoothie can be a delicious way to enjoy their benefits.

Legumes: Low-Glycemic Index for Better Blood Sugar Control

Legumes, such as lentils, chickpeas, and black beans, are low in glycemic index, meaning they release sugar into the bloodstream slowly, providing sustained energy and helping with blood sugar control.

 

Studies have shown that consuming legumes can improve glycemic control, reduce insulin resistance, and lower the risk of heart disease in people with diabetes. Adding legumes to your salads, soups, or stews can be an easy way to incorporate them into your diet.

 

Chia Seeds: Fiber and Healthy Fats for Blood Sugar Control

Chia seeds are high in fiber and healthy fats, making them an excellent choice for those with diabetes. The fiber in chia seeds can slow down the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, while the healthy fats can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation.

Studies have shown that consuming chia seeds can lower fasting blood sugar levels and improve cholesterol levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Adding chia seeds to your smoothies, yogurt, or oatmeal can be an easy way to enjoy their benefits.

 

Leafy Greens: Nutrient-Dense for Better Overall Health

 

Leafy greens, such as spinach, kale, and collard greens, are packed with nutrients and antioxidants, making them an excellent choice for those with diabetes. They are low in calories and high in fiber, making them a great choice for weight management.

 

Studies have shown that consuming leafy greens can improve blood sugar control, reduce inflammation, and lower the risk of heart disease in people with diabetes. Adding leafy greens to your salads, smoothies, or stir-fries can be a delicious way to enjoy their benefits.

 

Nuts: Healthy Fats for Better Blood Sugar Control

Nuts are a great snack option for people with diabetes because they are high in healthy fats, protein, and fiber. These nutrients help slow down the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, which can prevent blood sugar spikes. Additionally, nuts have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation in people with diabetes.

 

A recent study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that consuming a daily serving of nuts, particularly walnuts, was associated with improved blood sugar control and lower levels of inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes. Some examples of nuts to incorporate into your diet include almonds, pistachios, and cashews.

 

Here's a recipe idea: Mix a handful of your favorite nuts with some dried fruit and dark chocolate chips for a delicious and nutritious snack.

Sweet Potatoes: Low-Glycemic Index for Better Blood Sugar Control

Sweet potatoes are a nutritious and delicious carbohydrate source for people with diabetes. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals and have a lower glycemic index compared to other starchy vegetables like white potatoes. This means they are digested more slowly and cause a slower rise in blood sugar levels.

 

A study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food found that consuming purple sweet potatoes improved blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. Other varieties of sweet potatoes, such as orange and white, are also beneficial for people with diabetes.

 

Here's a recipe idea: Roast sweet potato wedges with olive oil, salt, and pepper for a flavorful and healthy side dish.

Fish: Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Better Heart Health

Fish is an excellent source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which can improve heart health in people with diabetes. Omega-3s have been shown to reduce inflammation, lower triglycerides, and improve insulin sensitivity. Additionally, eating fish may lower the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, a common complication of diabetes.

 

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that eating fatty fish twice a week was associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Some examples of fatty fish include salmon, tuna, and mackerel.

 

Here's a recipe idea: Grill or bake a piece of salmon and serve it with roasted vegetables for a delicious and nutritious meal.

 

Dark Chocolate: Antioxidants and Flavanols for Better Blood Sugar Control

Dark chocolate is a sweet treat that can actually be beneficial for people with diabetes. It contains antioxidants and flavanols that have been shown to improve blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, dark chocolate may improve heart health by reducing inflammation and lowering blood pressure.

 

A study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming dark chocolate improved insulin sensitivity and reduced blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes. However, it's important to choose high-quality dark chocolate with a high percentage of cocoa solids and limited added sugar.

 

Here's a recipe idea: Melt some dark chocolate and dip strawberries or other berries into it for a delicious and healthy dessert.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, making smart food choices is an important part of managing diabetes. By incorporating these top 10 foods into your diet, you can improve your blood sugar control, prevent complications, and improve your overall health. Avocado, cinnamon, berries, legumes, chia seeds, leafy greens, nuts, sweet potatoes, fish, and dark chocolate are all delicious and nutritious options to include in your meals. Experiment with different recipes and find what works best for you and your health goals. With a little bit of effort and planning, you can enjoy a healthy and delicious diet while managing your diabetes.

 

References

Johnson, E.J., K. F. Kornsteiner, E.J. Chong, P.J. Marrone, L.M. Coyne, K.L. Dorfman, M.E. Lanza, and N.R. Kris-Etherton. Daily avocado consumption improves plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese adults. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2015 Jan 7;4(1):e001355. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001355. PMID: 25567051.  https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.114.001355.

 

Kizilaslan N, Erdem NZ. The Effect of Different Amounts of Cinnamon Consumption on Blood Glucose in Healthy Adult Individuals. Int J Food Sci. 2019 Mar 4;2019:4138534. doi: 10.1155/2019/4138534. PMID: 30949494; PMCID: PMC6425402.

 

Calvano A , Izuora K , Oh EC , Ebersole JL , Lyons TJ , Basu A . Dietary berries, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: an overview of human feeding trials. Food Funct. 2019 Oct 16;10(10):6227-6243. doi: 10.1039/c9fo01426h. PMID: 31591634; PMCID: PMC7202899.